Literature+Time+Periods

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**Harlem Renaissance**
[|Harlem Renaissance - A Brief Introduction] []
 * 1) Harlem Renaissance (HR) is the name given to the period from the end of World War I and through the middle of the 1930s Depression, during which a group of talented African-American writers produced a sizable body of literature in the four prominent genres of poetry, fiction, drama, and essay.
 * 2) The notion of "twoness", a divided awareness of one's identity, was introduced by W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).and the author of the influential book The Souls of Black Folks (1903): "One ever feels his two-ness - an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder."
 * 3) Common themes: alienation, marginality, the use of folk material, the use of the blues tradition, the problems of writing for an elite audience.
 * 4) HR was more than just a literary movement: it included racial consciousness, "the back to Africa" movement led by Marcus Garvey, racial integration, the explosion of music particularly jazz, spirituals and blues, painting, dramatic revues, and others.

[|Harlem Renaissance, 1919-1937] [] A list of Authors is availble here with some biographical information, brief selections, and some criticism.

[|The Harlem Renaissance] [] Introduction, Time Line and Links.

[|The Harlem Renaissance] [] The Harlem Renaissance transformed African-American identity and history, but it also transformed American culture in general. Never before had so many Americans read the thoughts of African-Americans and embraced the African-American community's productions, expressions, and style.

[|Harlem Renaissance] [] In 1904 several middleclass African American families moved away from the decaying conditions of Black Bohemia of midtown into the newly-built suburb of Harlem. This initiated a move north of educated African Americans and a foothold into Harlem. In 1910 a large block along 135th and Fifth Ave was bought up by various African American realtors and a church group. These purchases caused a "white flight" and lowered realestate prices.

[|Harlem: Mecca of the New Negro] [] A Hypermedia Edition of the March 1925 Survey Graphic Harlem Number. Online ezine from the Harlem Renaissance Era.

[|Rhapsodies in Black] (Click on Title for Entree) [] This Web site provides an introduction to the exhibition Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance, curated by David A. Bailey and Richard J. Powell and organised by the Hayward Gallery, London in collaboration with the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington DC., and the Institute of International Visual Arts (inIVA). The Web site combines images and text to elaborate on some of the key themes in the exhibition: The Harlem Renaissance, Representing the New Negro, Modernism and Modernity, A Blues Aesthetic, Imaginging Africa, Haiti and Images of Black Nationhood.

[|Harlem Renaissance] [] The black renaissance and cultural revolution that took place in Harlem, New York between the World Wars was much more than these images. It was a profound literary and political movement as well.

[|The Harlem Renaissance: Three writers and their contemporary counterparts] []

[|Harlem Renaissance Women: African American Women Dreaming in Color] []

[|Writers of the Harlem Renaissance] [] Here's a selection of reviews of writers of the Harlem Renaissance.

[|MAJOR FIGURES OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE] []

[|Harlem: 1900-1940 An African American Community] [] Harlem 1900-1940: An African-American Community, is a history education portfolio that has been produced by the Educational Programs unit of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, the New York Public Library.

[|Harlem Renaissance] [] This project includes over one-hundred and fifty websites providing biographies of writers, poets, artists, musicians, entertainers, activists, thinkers, and leaders of the Harlem Renaissance movement.

[|Biographies of the Harlem Renaissance] [] This webpage is a companion section to a 42eXplore project titled Harlem Renaissance from eduScapes. Below, you find biography sites of prominent people of the Harlem Renaissance Movement. This select list includes writers, poets, artists, photographers, actors, singers, musicians, composers, and activists.

**Shakespeare and Elizabethan Culture**
[|Shakespeare Resource Center] []

[|Tudor History Links] []

[|Exploring Elizabethan Culture] []

[|Life in Elizabethan England] []

[|Medieval/Renaissance Food Homepage] []

[|Shakespeare's Globe Research Database] []

[|Women's Dress During the Elizabethan Period (1595)] []

[|William Shakespeare 1564 - 1616] []

[|The Life and Times of Mr. William Shakespeare] []

[|Hunt for Shakespeare Background (Web Quest)] []

[|And you were there... Life in Elizabethan England (Web Quest)] []

[|Roman Time Traveler Webquest] []
 * Romans - Julius Caesar**

[|Daily Life of Ancient Rome] []

[] []

[|http://home.nyc.rr.com/deadromans/] []

[]

Shakespeare VS History: A //Julius Caesar// Web Quest []

Shakespeare and the Renaissance []

Poetry Place [] [] [] []

Queen Elizabeth I []

Food in Elizabethan England/Renaissance []

Shakespeare Scavenger Hunt []

English class scavenger hunt []

//Romeo and Juliet//: Shakespeare Webquest []

Good Morrow! - Learn a bit about Shakespeare’s Language and try your hand and pronunciation []

View From the Cheap Seats – Take a virtual tour of The Globe Theater []

Just Another Day in Paradise - Get a sense of what everyday life was like in Elizabethan England []

It’s Bloody Painful – Learn about crime and punishment in Elizabethan England []

Fashion Sense – See how they dressed and primped in Elizabethan England []

You Are What You Eat - Learn what, when, and how they ate? []

All The World’s A Stage – Learn more about Shakespeare’s Theater []

**Medieval Research Information**
[|Shakespeare Resource Center] [] Welcome! Thank you for visiting the Shakespeare Resource Center. You'll find here collected links from all over the World Wide Web to help you find information of all sorts on William Shakespeare.

[|University of Cambridge] [] The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom.

[|A Brief History of the Oxford University] [] As the oldest English-speaking university in the world, it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence.

[|Hundred Years War] [] Relive the adventure and romance of fourteenth-century Europe in this ambitious simulation. Costs less than 20 cents a day to play. The Hundred Years War (HYW) combines role-playing, strategy, diplomacy, and teamwork into an unforgettable multi-player experience.

[|Index to Topics on the Hundred Years' War] [] Take a trip to the middle of the page to find this list.

[|The Hundred Years' War (1336-1565)] []

[|The Wars of the Roses and the Princes in the Tower] []

[|The Wars of the Roses] [] More than you would ever want to know!

[|War of the Roses] [] In 1455, the first Battle of St Albans began the 30 years Political Turmoil of Wars of the Roses

[|Stonehenge] [] This ancient enigma keeps everyone wondering what truth lies in those massive stones and luckily you have come upon a web site that will help you understand everything about Stonehenge. Check out the Students link!

[|HISTORY OF JOUSTING] [] Jousting in its original form has generally been credited to a French man named Geoffori de Pruelli. The "sport" -- actually more of an occupation at the time, spread from France to Germany, to England, and into southern Europe during the tenth to twelfth centuries.

[|Jousting] []

[|Jousting] [] Terms

[|Castles] [] By providing these castle research pages, we hope to encourage students, writers, and enthusiasts of all ages to explore castles and to stimulate their creativity.

[|Castles on the Web] []

[|Castles of Wales] [] The Castles of Wales web site provides visitors with a lot more than simply a few photographs of the most famous Welsh castles. Our pages cover a wide range of topics related to Welsh castles and Welsh medieval history, and many of our essays are written by today's leading experts in their respective fields of study.

[|Castles Abbeys - Medieval Buildings] []

[|Where is Robin Hood in Nottinghamshire?] []

[|Robin Hood] [] The story of Robin Hood is so well known that it scarcely needs to be reviewed.

[|Robin Hood and his historical context] [] What is the historical fact behind the legend of Robin Hood? Did this potent outlaw folk hero really harass Guy of Gisborne and live in Sherwood Forest, or was he a mythical creation designed to express disatisfaction with unfair laws? Dr Mike Ibeji reveals the real Robin.

[|Details of the Knights of the Round Table] [] by David Nash Ford

[|Medieval English Towns] [] The aim of this site is to provide historical information about cities and towns in England during the Middle Ages, with particular emphasis on medieval boroughs of East Anglia and on social, political and constitutional history. A selection of primary documents (translated into English) relevant to English urban history is included. Great Resource! Glossary too!

[|Internet Medieval Sourcebook] []

[|British history 1100-1800] []

[|Medieval world of TimeRef] [] Follow the history of Medieval Britain from the time of Alfred the Great, through the Norman Conquest and up to the start of the Tudor Age. Detailed Timelines contain events for years between 800 and 1499AD. Maps show the locations of castles, abbeys and cathedrals in England, Scotland and Wales. Every person and building on this site has its own timeline and links to related subjects. This site is labelled with ICRA.

[|Spartacus Schoolnet] []

[|BBC's interactive History] [] The BBC's interactive History site. Explore by topic, time, people or place, or visit a multimedia zone packed with games, animations and 3D models. GREAT Site!

[|History.uk.com] [] History comes to life when you get involved and do it yourself. History.uk.com offers information on thousands of places to find out more about historic ventures in the UK in our vast listings database.

[|British History at About.com] []

[|Brittania - America's Gateway to the British Isles] [] Great site! Start here!

[|Medieval England - English History] []

[|Medieval England] []

[|The Story Behind Thomas à Becket] [] This effort at the Thomas à Becket story is an amalgamation of information I have available to me together with details I have gathered from local historians with an interest in Canterbury. Like most tales that are 800 years old, there are bound to be variations depending upon the source. I only mention this in case there's some clever -- out there who wants to berate me because my version doesn't match his or hers!

[|The Murder of Thomas Becket, 1170] [] A sword's crushing blow extinguished the life of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, on a cold December evening as he struggled on the steps of his altar. The brutal event sent a tremor through Medieval Europe. Public opinion of the time and subsequent history have laid the blame for the murder at the feet of Becket's former close personal friend, King Henry II.

[|John Donne] [] "When one man dies, one chapter is not torn out of the book, but translated into a better language."

[|John Donne] []

[|John Milton] []

[|John "The Lady" Milton (1608-1674)] []

[|Jonathan 'Isaac Bickerstaff' Swift (1667-1745)] [] Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland on 30 November 1667, second child and only son of Jonathan Swift1 and Abigaile Erick Swift. His father was dead before Jonathan, Junior was born, so the child's education was arranged by other relatives. Jonathan graduated from Trinity Colege, Dublin, in 16862 and then went to England to try his luck. He found a job as secretary to Sir William Temple, and it was in Sir William's household that he met Esther (Stella) Johnson3 and became her tutor. Now Sir William was an extremely important statesman of the day. He helped arrange the marriage of future British monarchs William and Mary4.

[|Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)] [] Pseudonyms: Isaac Bickerstaff, A Dissenter, A Person of Qauality, A Person of Honour, M.B. Drapier, T.R.D.J.S.D.O.P.I.I. (The Reverend Doctor Jonathan Switft, Dean of Partick's in Ireland)

[|David Perdue's Charles Dickens Page] [] Excellent page!

[|THE DICKENS PAGE] []

[|Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)] [] English short-story writer, novelist and poet, who celebrated the heroism of British colonial soldiers in India and Burma.

[|(Joseph) Rudyard Kipling] []

[|Scotland - A Concise History - The Land and the People] [] The land of Scotland has dictated what sort of history its people would have.

[|Timelines for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland] [] Excellent jump-off point for British History!

[|Wales - History] []

[|Wales Calling] [] In Wales Calling we have all the information you will need on the country.

[|A history of Wales] []

[|Irish History on the Web] []

[|IRELAND] []

[|The Black Death: Bubonic Plague] []

[|The Black Death - 1347 - 1350] [] The Black Death was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D., a great plague swept over Europe and ravaged cities causing widespread hysteria and death. One third of the population of Europe died. "The impact upon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country." (Cartwright, 1991) The primary culprits in transmitting this disease were Oriental Rat Fleas carried on the back of black rats.

[|The Black Death, 1348] []

[|The Middle Ages and Renaissance] []

[|The Great Famine (1315-1317) and the Black Death (1346-1351)] [] The 14th century was an era of catastrophes. Some of them man-made, such as the Hundred Years' War, the Avignon Papacy, and the Great Schism. These were caused by human beings, and we shall consider them a bit later. There were two more or less natural disasters either of which one would think would have been sufficient to throw medieval Europe into a real "Dark Ages": the Great Famine and the Black Death. Each caused millions of deaths, and each in its way demonstrated in dramatic fashion the existence of new vulnerabilities in Western European society. Together they subjected the population of medieval Europe to tremendous strains, leading many people to challenge old institutions and doubt traditional values, and, by so doing, these calamities altered the path of European development in many areas.

[|Medieval Studies for K-12] []

[|The Net's - Educational Resource Center - Medieval History] []

[|All Shakespeare] [] Welcome to the ultimate guide to the works of William Shakespeare. This website has been created by Enotes.com, and contains everything you need in order to understand, study for, or write a paper about any of Williams Shakespeare's works.

[|British History] [] Britannia's History Department has the internet's most comprehensive treatment of Britain's history from the prehistoric era to modern times. Edited by David Nash Ford, the department features timelines, narrative histories, original source documents and important texts, biographies, maps, glossaries, reading lists, informative articles by guest writers, interviews and more. //Excellent resource of British History.//

[|British History] [] Choose the Medieval Button at the top of the page for info on the Hundred Years War and War of the Roses.

[|Medieval England] [] Excellent Site!

[|British History] []

[|English History and Heritage] []

[|Eyewitness to History] [] Your ringside seat to history - from the Ancient World to the present. History through the eyes of those who lived it, presented by Ibis Communications, Inc. a digital publisher of educational programming.

[|Internet Medieval Sourcebook] []

[|The Labyrinth: Resources for Medieval Studies] []

[|Medieval History] []

[|Medieval Literature and History Page] []

[|Medieval Europe: History Index, WWW Virtual Library] []

[|Medieval History Gateway] [] Directory of Online Resources. Sections include: digital publications ; Medieval Literature ; Social History ; Women in Medieval Europe ; Medieval Philosophy ; Byzantium ; Teaching the Middle Ages.

[|Medieval History] []

Secondary Resources for Medieval Research
[|Battle of Hastings] []

[|The Battle of Hastings]: 1066 and much more-A very brief Synopsis []

[|The Battle of Hastings] [] Excellent Site for Information!

[|The Thomas à Becket Story] []

[|St. Thomas Becket] []

[|The Story Behind Thomas à Becket] []

[|The Black Death: Bubonic Plague] []

[|The Black Death 1347 - 1350] []

[|The Great Famine (1315-1317) and the Black Death (1346-1351)] []

[|Official Site of Canterbury Cathedral] [] For at least fourteen hundred years the worship of God has been offered on the site of this Cathedral, and through the prayers of the Church His power and grace have shaped human lives.

[|Canterbury - The History] []

[|William Caxton] []

[|William Caxton] []

[|William Caxton (c.1422 - c.1491)] []

[|The Life of Chaucer] []

[|Geoffrey Chaucer (ca.1343-1400)] []

[|Crusades] []

[|Medieval Crusades] []

[|The Domesday Book] []

[|The Domesday Book Online] [] This site has been set up to enable visitors to find out the history of the Domesday Book and to give an insight into life at the time of its compilation. This site does not contain all the information contained in the original text, however does include a list of every settlement existing in 1086.

[|Domesday Book] [] Domesday Book is a famous document, but the story behind it starts with an even more famous battle - the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Read about the dramatic events that led to the creation of the Domesday Book.

[|Feudal LIfe] []

[|The Feudal System] []

[|History of Parliament] []

[|The Hundred Years' War (1336-1565)] []

[|The Hundred Years' War] []

[|King Arthur] []

[|King Arthur & the Matter of Britain] []

[|King Richard I - The Lionheart] []

[|Richard I Coeur de Lion (1189-99 AD)] []

[|Magna Carta - 1215] []

[|Magna Carta] []

[|Sir Thomas Malory (ca. 1405-1471)] []

[|Thomas Malory] []

[|Miracle Plays and Mysteries] []

[|Mystery and miracle plays in English drama] []

[|Mystery and Miracle Plays] []

[|THE ROBIN HOOD PROJECT] []

[|The Robin Hood Pages] []

[|Wars of the Roses History Guide] []

[|Wars of the Roses] [] The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought in medieval England from 1455 to 1487 between the House of Lancaster and the House of York.

[|John Wycliffe] []

[|John Wycliffe: Reformation Morningstar] []

[|JOHN WYCLIFFE 1320 - 1384] []